What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside of the uterus.
During menstruation, this tissue sheds and bleeds just like the lining of the uterus, it can implant outside of the womb such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, intestines and bladder, leading to chronic inflammation, scarring and pain.
Endometriosis affects approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age globally. Despite its prevalence, it is often under diagnosed or misdiagnosed, leading to delays in treatment and unnecessary suffering.
Types and Stages of Endometriosis
Endometriosis can appear in different forms. For some women, it may involve small patches of tissue on the surface of pelvic organs, while for others it can grow deeper or form cysts on the ovaries.
There is also a system of classification for identifying the stage of endometriosis, providing doctors with better diagnostic tools and helping guide patients toward the most appropriate and effective endometriosis treatments.
Common Types of Endometriosis
Based on the area of pelvis and abdomen it affects, endometriosis is generally grouped into four main types:
- Superficial Peritoneal Endometriosis (SPE): The least severe form of endometriosis. It occurs when endometrial tissue attaches to the peritoneum, which can lead to symptoms such as painful periods, discomfort during intercourse, and challenges with fertility.
- Ovarian Endometrioma (OMA): OMA is characterized by dark, fluid-filled ovarian cysts that can appear in the ovaries or in different parts of the abdomen or pelvis. Possible complications are increased risk of ovarian cancer, endometrioma rupture, bowel and bladder problems.
- Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: In this type, endometrial tissue grows into organs both inside and near the pelvic cavity, including the ovaries, rectum, bladder, and bowels. Some signs of endometriosis for this type include painful intercourse, period cramps, and chronic pelvic pain or tenderness.
Stages of Endometriosis
In classifying the stages of endometriosis, the most commonly known and used system was developed by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM).
This system scores the extent of endometriosis—15 or less is mild, 16 or more is moderate to severe—but the score doesn’t always match the pain or symptoms felt.
| Endometriosis Stage | Points | Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Stage I | 1–5 | Minimal, few superficial implants |
| Stage II | 6–15 | Mild, more, and deeper implants |
| Stage III | 16–40 | Moderate, several deep implants, with the presence of filmy adhesions and small cysts on the ovaries |
| Stage IV | 40 and up | Severe, several deep implants and dense adhesions, and the presence of large cysts on the ovaries |
Treatment Options and Management
Managing endometriosis means finding the right approach for you, based on your symptoms, reproductive plans, and overall health.
Medical Management
Mild endometriosis symptoms can often be managed with pain medications, ranging from over-the-counter pain relievers to stronger prescription options. Hormone therapy may also help by regulating the hormonal cycles that affect endometriosis, reducing pain, and slowing the growth of endometrial tissue.
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Surgery for endometriosis removes endometrial tissue and can be done through laparoscopy or laparotomy. Laparoscopy uses small incisions and a camera to locate and treat lesions, which generally allows for quicker recovery. Laparotomy is a more invasive open surgery, usually reserved for extensive or severe cases.
Long-Term Management
Managing endometriosis over time involves regular follow-ups, monitoring hormone levels, and adopting lifestyle habits that may help reduce symptoms. Speak with a trusted endometriosis specialist in Singapore to create a plan that works best for you.
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Endometriosis
Explore further details and guidance on endometriosis care and management.
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial cells from the tissue lining the uterus form implants that attach, grow and function in places outside of the uterine cavity such as the cervix, within the uterine muscle, ovary, fallopian tube and even on the bowel and bladder.
Common Questions About Endometriosis
What are the symptoms of endometriosis?
The symptoms of endometriosis can vary widely among individuals and may include:
- Pelvic pain: most noticeable during periods, during or after sex and when urinating and defaecating
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding between periods
- Inability to get pregnant
- Abdominal bloating, nausea or vomiting around menstruation
- Chronic fatigue
What are the complications of endometriosis?
If left untreated, endometriosis can lead to several complications, including:
- Infertility
- Adhesions: sticky endometriosis tissue that joins organs together, causing pain and impairing organ function
- Ovarian cysts
- Increased risk of ovarian cancer
What will the doctor do during consultations?
- History taking of symptoms and general health
- Physical examination to check for masses or tenderness
- Screening using transvaginal ultrasound and associated investigations
- Discussion of treatment options
- Scheduling of a laparoscopy if needed
Why Choose Eden Women’s Health
Eden Women’s Health is dedicated to helping women manage endometriosis symptoms and treatments with expert care and a compassionate approach. We focus on improving your comfort and overall well-being.
- Experienced Gynaecologists: Focused on correct diagnosis, effective treatment, and long-term support.
- Advanced Diagnostics: Accurate testing to guide the right treatment for you.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures: Effective care with faster recovery.
- Personalised Care Plans: Endometriosis treatments tailored to your symptoms, goals, and lifestyle.
- Supportive Patient Experience: Encouragement, guidance, and care every step of the way.
Managing endometriosis is a journey, and our team is here to offer guidance, support, and personalised care along the way.
Schedule An Appointment
Endometriosis is a challenging condition that can have a significant impact on a woman’s quality of life. Eden Women’s Health is here to listen, provide support, and offer personalised care tailored to your needs. If you suspect you have endometriosis, we encourage you to schedule an appointment with our experienced gynaecologists for a comprehensive discussion.